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锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能会受到(dao)温度(du)的(de)(de)影响(xiang)，其(qi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学反应(ying)与环境温度(du)有关，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极/电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)界面被视为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)心脏(zang)。低温会降(jiang)低电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质粘度(du)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导率、活(huo)性(xing)物质的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)，使(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)(de)浓(nong)度(du)差变大(da)，极化增(zeng)强，使(shi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)前终止。温度(du)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低，还会使(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极反应(ying)速(su)度(du)下(xia)降(jiang)。如(ru)果电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)不变，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流减(jian)小，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)输出功率也会减(jian)小。

磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是电(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽车中(zhong)应用(yong)广泛的电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其安全性高、使用(yong)寿(shou)命(ming)长。但(dan)它存在一(yi)个(ge)致命(ming)的缺点，其低(di)(di)温(wen)性能略逊(xun)于(yu)其他(ta)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。低(di)(di)温(wen)对磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)的正(zheng)负(fu)极(ji)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液和胶粘(zhan)剂均有影(ying)(ying)响。由于(yu)正(zheng)极(ji)本身(shen)电(dian)(dian)(dian)子导电(dian)(dian)(dian)性差，在低(di)(di)温(wen)下(xia)容易产生极(ji)化，从而降(jiang)低(di)(di)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量；电(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液粘(zhan)度会(hui)因低(di)(di)温(wen)而增加(jia)，锂(li)离子迁移阻抗(kang)也会(hui)增加(jia)。另外，在磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)的生产过程中(zhong)，粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)剂也是一(yi)个(ge)非常关键(jian)的因素，低(di)(di)温(wen)也会(hui)对粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)剂的性能产生很大的影(ying)(ying)响。

在低温下充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)使用锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)前，需要(yao)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)预加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)。BMS可以通过(guo)外(wai)部(bu)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)和内(nei)部(bu)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)两种方式对电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)进行加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)。外(wai)部(bu)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)方式包括(kuo)空气加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)、液体加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)、相变材料(liao)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)、热(re)(re)(re)(re)阻加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)器或(huo)热(re)(re)(re)(re)泵加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)。这些加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)方法通常位于电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组或(huo)设置在热(re)(re)(re)(re)循环介(jie)质的(de)容(rong)器中(zhong)。内(nei)部(bu)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)法是(shi)通过(guo)交流电(dian)(dian)(dian)流刺激电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)内(nei)部(bu)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)化学材料(liao)加(jia)(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本身产生热(re)(re)(re)(re)量。