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锂电池的电解质哪种更好用?

2022-07-08

锂电池

了(le)解锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)在dn基电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液中的优异性(xing)能对(dui)提高商用锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的性(xing)能具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要意义,它是目前报道的好的金属锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液体(ti)系,可(ke)用于(yu)商用锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

在(zai)以DN为(wei)基(ji)础(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中,锂的(de)(de)(de)循环(huan)效率高,沉(chen)(chen)积(ji)形(xing)貌光滑,这主要是由(you)于(yu)锂在(zai)以DN为(wei)基(ji)础(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液中,其表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)I膜主要由(you)一些离子成分如HCOOLi、CH3CH20CH20Li (DN还原产(chan)物)、LiF和LixAsFy(锂还原产(chan)物)和DN (DN还原产(chan)物)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)聚物组成。DN的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)聚物不溶(rong)于(yu)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质,由(you)于(yu)含(han)有OLi+ 边基(ji)团(tuan)而与锂电(dian)(dian)极表(biao)面(mian)结(jie)合。由(you)于(yu)锂电(dian)(dian)极的(de)(de)(de)SEI膜中含(han)有弹性成分,因此(ci)锂电(dian)(dian)极表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)EI膜具有很强(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)柔(rou)性。因此(ci),当锂在(zai)该电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质体(ti)系中沉(chen)(chen)积(ji)或溶(rong)解(jie)(jie)时(shi),可(ke)以更好地适应(ying)金(jin)属锂的(de)(de)(de)体(ti)积(ji)变化,从(cong)而为(wei)锂沉(chen)(chen)积(ji)提供更好的(de)(de)(de)钝化作(zuo)用。

充放电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度对锂(li)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)性(xing)能(neng)的(de)影(ying)响及容量(liang)衰(shuai)减机理(li)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)表面(mian)始终覆盖着一(yi)层由Li20-LiOH组成的(de)原(yuan)始膜,当它(ta)浸没在(zai)DW基(ji)电(dian)(dian)解液中,仍(reng)然具有(you)一(yi)定的(de)稳(wen)定性(xing)。当它(ta)以较低的(de)速(su)率放电(dian)(dian)时,原(yuan)始薄膜不会迅速(su)变(bian)化(hua),而(er)是(shi)保持(chi)部分(fen)稳(wen)定。随后,锂(li)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)的(de)表面(mian)变(bian)得非常不均(jun)匀,因为只(zhi)有(you)一(yi)部分(fen)锂(li)表面(mian)与(yu)电(dian)(dian)解质的(de)组成发生(sheng)反(fan)应(ying),而(er)另(ling)一(yi)部分(fen)保留了原(yuan)来的(de)表面(mian)化(hua)合物。在(zai)这(zhei)种情况下,锂(li)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)表面(mian)不均(jun)匀,导致锂(li)不均(jun)匀沉积,加速(su)锂(li)的(de)腐蚀,电(dian)(dian)池整(zheng)体性(xing)能(neng)在(zai)循环寿命方面(mian)变(bian)差(cha)。

当锂离子(zi)电池系统高速放电时,覆盖(gai)在原(yuan)始(shi)表面薄(bo)膜上(shang)的锂会(hui)迅速耗尽,从而使表面变(bian)得非常不稳定,并迅速被由溶剂还原(yuan)产物组(zu)成的SEI薄(bo)膜所取代,因(yin)此锂的沉积过(guo)程可能(neng)非常均匀,锂的沉积形貌相对光滑。

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