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单个磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂(li)电池(chi)的额定(ding)电压(ya)平台为3.2V。显然(ran)，单个电池(chi)远(yuan)远(yuan)不能(neng)满足电动汽(qi)车(che)对(dui)动力电池(chi)电压(ya)水平的需求。另一方面，目前生产的单体(ti)磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂(li)电池(chi)的额定(ding)容量有限，因此(ci)，磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂(li)电池(chi)在使用(yong)过(guo)程中，常建议(yi)先并(bing)联(lian)再串联(lian)。

然(ran)而(er)，由于(yu)单体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)生(sheng)产(chan)过(guo)程(cheng)中性(xing)(xing)能参数的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分散(san)，随着电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)并联(lian)和(he)串联(lian)使用过(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次数的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加，单体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)间的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)分散(san)会逐渐增加，导(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)性(xing)(xing)能下(xia)降(jiang)和(he)循环(huan)寿命缩短(duan)。为此，需要(yao)对动(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)进行(xing)均衡充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以减少单体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影响(xiang)，提高动(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能，延长电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)车(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)续驶里程(cheng)。磷酸铁(tie)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)过(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是导(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)行(xing)为的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危险因素之(zhi)一(yi)。锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)过(guo)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)行(xing)为主要(yao)来(lai)自所使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有机溶液电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液。有机溶液电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质不(bu)(bu)能像水一(yi)样在(zai)水性(xing)(xing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中实现可(ke)逆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分解和(he)重(zhong)组(zu)(zu)(zu)过(guo)程(cheng)，这也(ye)导(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)对过(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)强(qiang)烈响(xiang)应。为了保证电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安(an)全(quan)(quan)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)实际应用中需要(yao)配备专(zhuan)门的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保护(hu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路进行(xing)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理，从而(er)避免单体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)过(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，尽可(ke)能延长电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用寿命。

当(dang)连接到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)两端时(shi)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路将(jiang)继(ji)续消耗功率(lv)(lv)。虽然(ran)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)系统可(ke)以通过在运行(xing)或不(bu)运行(xing)时(shi)设置(zhi) “低功耗” 模式来降低功耗，但它仍然(ran)会消耗功率(lv)(lv)，并(bing)且此(ci)时(shi)消耗的(de)功率(lv)(lv)将(jiang)大于(yu)单(dan)体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)自放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)(lv)。对(dui)于(yu)长期(qi)搁置(zhi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽(qi)(qi)车，即使不(bu)使用电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动(dong)汽(qi)(qi)车，由于(yu)单(dan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路仍与单(dan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)并(bing)联，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)会持续过度放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。因此(ci)，为(wei)了避免单(dan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路对(dui)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成的(de)损坏(huai)，需要设计相应的(de)自动(dong)掉电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。当(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压低于(yu)设定的(de)截止电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压时(shi)，该(gai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可(ke)以自动(dong)断开相应的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。