2022-11-17
一(yi)般来说,电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作温度(du)在40 ℃ 左右是(shi)正常的(de),但在一(yi)些实际使用(yong)环境中,特别是(shi)在高温地区,电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作温度(du)可能会达到75 ℃ 或以上(shang),这(zhei)基(ji)本上(shang)需要耐高温的(de)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)。目前耐高温电(dian)(dian)池(chi)主要有(you)聚(ju)合(he)物三元锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)、聚(ju)合(he)物锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)和磷酸铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi),那么哪种电(dian)(dian)池(chi)好呢(ni)?
1、耐高温三元锂电(dian)池
通常,锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)对0-40 °C范围内的(de)温(wen)度不(bu)敏感,但是一(yi)旦温(wen)度超过该范围,寿命和容量(liang)就会(hui)降低。因此,锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的(de)工作(zuo)温(wen)度通常为0 ~ 40 ℃。当三元锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)工作(zuo)在(zai)50 ℃ 以上和60 ℃ 以下时(shi),电(dian)(dian)池(chi)衰(shuai)减会(hui)加快,寿命会(hui)衰(shuai)减到(dao)一(yi)定程度。一(yi)些特殊环境所需的(de)锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)温(wen)度不(bu)同,有些甚至可以在(zai)数百摄氏度的(de)环境中正(zheng)常运行。三元锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作(zuo)温(wen)度很宽,其电(dian)(dian)热(re)峰值(zhi)可达(da)350 ℃-500 ℃。
遇热后生成的(de)锂(li)金属的(de)化学(xue)特性非常活跃(yue)。同时(shi),电池(chi)的(de)耐热温(wen)度(du)基本上在200度(du)左右(you),当(dang)温(wen)度(du)达到耐热温(wen)度(du)时(shi),三元锂(li)材料的(de)化学(xue)反应(ying)将更加(jia)剧烈。在高温(wen)作用下,电解液迅速燃烧。
2、耐高(gao)温聚合物锂(li)电池(chi)
一般来说,聚合物锂电池(chi)(chi)的(de)工作温(wen)度(du)在-20 ℃ 至(zhi)70 ℃ 之间。如果(guo)温(wen)度(du)过高(gao)或过低,电池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量都会受到(dao)影响,即(ji)放电容(rong)量会降低。同时,电池(chi)(chi)内(nei)部材(cai)料的(de)化学结构会损坏和改变,严重影响电池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)寿命。
耐高温(wen)(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以(yi)承受(shou)高达(da)800度(du)(du)的高温(wen)(wen)(wen)。一(yi)般(ban)的锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)承受(shou)高温(wen)(wen)(wen)测试一(yi)下(xia)(xia)中有(you)200度(du)(du)、500度(du)(du)和800度(du)(du),但一(yi)般(ban)情况下(xia)(xia),在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)生活中是不会暴露在(zai)(zai)这么高的温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)的,但我(wo)们在(zai)(zai)使用电(dian)(dian)器时(shi)有(you)时(shi)可以(yi)看(kan)到充电(dian)(dian)或(huo)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)损坏。特别是越来越多的智能(neng)设备配(pei)备了弯(wan)曲电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),仅安全(quan)检测就有(you)多达(da)50个安全(quan)监(jian)控(kong)程(cheng)序。其中,高温(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)品在(zai)(zai)形成弯(wan)曲电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)时(shi)超(chao)过50度(du)(du),而在(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)常(chang)生活中在(zai)(zai)生活中,电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不太可能(neng)接触到这样的温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。高温(wen)(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)通常(chang)可以(yi)充电(dian)(dian)300-500次。好将锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)部分(fen)放(fang)电(dian)(dian),而不是完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)电(dian)(dian),并尽量避(bi)免频繁完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)。一(yi)旦电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)离开生产(chan)线,时(shi)钟就开始移动。不管(guan)你用与否(fou),锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的使用寿(shou)命只(zhi)有(you)两到三年。
3、耐(nai)高(gao)温磷酸(suan)铁锂电池
耐高温(wen)磷酸铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)组一般可(ke)分(fen)为100 ℃ 、125 ℃ 、150 ℃ 、175 ℃ 、200 ℃ 及(ji)以上5个等级。目前,在大量的(de)一次高温(wen)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)中使用的(de)电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学系(xi)统是(shi)锂/亚硫(liu)酰氯和锂/硫(liu)酰氯 (氯)。这是(shi)因为在目前所有的(de)电(dian)(dian)化(hua)学系(xi)统中,这两个系(xi)统的(de)比能量高,使用温(wen)度范(fan)围广(guang),储存时(shi)间长,工作电(dian)(dian)压高。
据(ju)了解,磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂晶(jing)体中的p-o键稳定,不(bu)易分解。即使在高(gao)温(wen)(wen)或过充电(dian)时,它也(ye)不(bu)会像钴酸(suan)(suan)锂那样塌陷或形(xing)成强氧化性(xing)(xing)物质,因此具(ju)有良好的安(an)全性(xing)(xing)。磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)池的热(re)峰值可达(da)350 ~ 500 ℃,工作(zuo)温(wen)(wen)度范围宽 (-20 ~ + 75 ℃),在高(gao)温(wen)(wen) (60 ℃) 下仍可释(shi)放100% 容量。
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锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池参数不(bu)一致(zhi)主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)指容量(liang)、内阻和开路电(dian)(dian)压(ya)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)一致(zhi)。如果锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)芯(xin)不(bu)一致(zhi),则会出(chu)现以下问题(ti):1、容量(liang)损耗。锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)芯(xin)单(dan)体组成电(dian)(dian)池组,容量(liang)符合 “木(mu)桶原理”。差的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)决定了整个锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池组的(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)。2、使用寿命(ming)损失。同样,锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池组的(de)(de)(de)寿命(ming)由(you)寿命(ming)
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