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钛酸锂电池膨胀的原因

2022-11-19

钛酸锂电池

钛(tai)(tai)(tai)酸锂(li)电池的(de)胀(zhang)气(qi)行业(ye)有三种提法:一是(shi)钛(tai)(tai)(tai)酸锂(li)材(cai)料(liao)易(yi)吸水(shui),吸附后(hou)的(de)水(shui)容(rong)易(yi)变成结晶(jing)水(shui)。烘(hong)烤电池极片和(he)电池芯时,水(shui)分不(bu)易(yi)去除,导(dao)致结晶(jing)水(shui)与电解液(ye)反(fan)(fan)应产生气(qi)体;二是(shi)电解液(ye)对钛(tai)(tai)(tai)酸锂(li)电极表面(mian)有较高的(de)还(hai)(hai)(hai)原反(fan)(fan)应活(huo)性(xing),且钛(tai)(tai)(tai)酸锂(li)颗粒表面(mian)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)具(ju)有催化活(huo)性(xing)点,催化电解质(zhi)溶剂的(de)还(hai)(hai)(hai)原分解生成气(qi)体;第(di)三,钛(tai)(tai)(tai)酸锂(li)电极材(cai)料(liao)中可(ke)能(neng)(neng)存在(zai)TiO2相,TiO2可(ke)能(neng)(neng)对电解质(zhi)具(ju)有催化活(huo)性(xing),使(shi)电解质(zhi)发生还(hai)(hai)(hai)原分解,产生气(qi)体。上述三种胀(zhang)气(qi)机制目前(qian)都是(shi)基(ji)于推测,未(wei)见相关研究(jiu)报(bao)告(gao)。

在(zai)(zai)(zai)研究过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)发现,钛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池不(bu)仅(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)形(xing)成过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)严(yan)重的(de)胀(zhang)气,而(er)且在(zai)(zai)(zai)后续的(de)回收过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)也始(shi)(shi)终存在(zai)(zai)(zai),从而(er)严(yan)重阻(zu)碍了钛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池的(de)商业(ye)(ye)化进程(cheng)。目(mu)前(qian)业(ye)(ye)内普遍认(ren)为,钛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池的(de)胀(zhang)气问(wen)题主要(yao)是由于材料本(ben)身容(rong)易(yi)吸水造成的(de),但并没有确切的(de)证(zheng)据证(zheng)明(ming)这一猜测。学术界(jie)对钛酸(suan)(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池的(de)胀(zhang)气现象研究较少。有研究人员认(ren)为,LTO材料在(zai)(zai)(zai)实际电(dian)压范(fan)围 (1v-3v) 内不(bu)能像碳负极(ji)那(nei)样形(xing)成完整的(de)SEI薄膜来抑制产气反应(ying)的(de)进一步发生,因此,电(dian)解(jie)(jie)液在(zai)(zai)(zai)充放(fang)电(dian)过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)始(shi)(shi)终与(yu)LTO表面(mian)直接接触,导(dao)致LTO材料表面(mian)的(de)电(dian)解(jie)(jie)质有机溶(rong)剂不(bu)断还原(yuan)分解(jie)(jie),这可能是LTO电(dian)池胀(zhang)气的(de)根本(ben)原(yuan)因。


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