2022-03-10
铝壳电(dian)池(chi)(chi)是一种由铝合金材料(liao)制成的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)壳的电(dian)池(chi)(chi),常见的有方形锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
铝壳电池的(de)设计常见有(you)方角和(he)圆角,材质一般为(wei)铝锰合金。它所含的(de)主要(yao)合金成分是Mn、Cu、Mg、Si、Fe等(deng),这五种合金用(yong)于电池上可起到不同的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),Cu和(he)Mg具(ju)有(you)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)强度和(he)硬度的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),Mn主要(yao)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)耐腐蚀性,Si提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)含镁铝合金的(de)热(re)处理效果,Fe提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)高(gao)(gao)温强度。
铝(lv)壳电(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用的材(cai)(cai)料结构具有明显的安全性能(neng)(neng),该安全性能(neng)(neng)可以用材(cai)(cai)料厚度和膨(peng)胀(zhang)系数来(lai)表示。相同容量的锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)相对于铝(lv)壳要轻,主要是因(yin)为铝(lv)壳做得非(fei)常薄(bo)。从锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)的工作(zuo)机理来(lai)看,充电(dian)时,锂(li)(li)(li)离子(zi)脱嵌,正极(ji)(ji)体(ti)积膨(peng)胀(zhang);放(fang)电(dian)时,锂(li)(li)(li)离子(zi)被正极(ji)(ji)嵌入,负(fu)极(ji)(ji)膨(peng)胀(zhang);两(liang)者都会导致物(wu)理膨(peng)胀(zhang),并且(qie)可以通过适当的合金配方降低膨(peng)胀(zhang)系数。
在坏的(de)情况下(xia),即使电池(chi)发生爆炸,铝(lv)壳(qiao)电池(chi)也比钢壳(qiao)脆弱(ruo)得(de)多,因此造成的(de)伤害更小。因此铝(lv)壳(qiao)电池(chi)是(shi)目前液态锂电池(chi)的(de)主流,几乎应用于所有与锂电池(chi)相关的(de)领域。
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