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锂电未来趋势:原材料高涨,锂电池产业链变革将不断加速

2022-06-20

 锂(li)电未来趋势:原材料高涨,锂电(dian)池(chi)产业链(lian)变革(ge)将(jiang)不断加速

近日(ri)山木新能源表示:随着全球(qiu)能(neng)源转(zhuan)型升级、碳排放要求(qiu)不断(duan)提高,新(xin)能(neng)源汽车产业(ye)高景(jing)气度持续。电(dian)池(chi)作为(wei)电(dian)动(dong)汽车重(zhong)要的部分(fen)之一,电(dian)动(dong)汽车发(fa)展如火(huo)如荼(tu),也在不断(duan)推动(dong)动(dong)力锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)需(xu)求(qiu)量快(kuai)速增长,进一步刺激市场对(dui)锂(li)电(dian)相关产业(ye)链的需(xu)求(qiu)。

  对(dui)于新能源(yuan)汽车行(xing)业而(er)言,提(ti)升电(dian)(dian)池(chi)材料(liao)供(gong)给水平(ping),要围绕资(zi)源(yuan)开采冶炼、电(dian)(dian)池(chi)技术研发创新和回收(shou)利用系(xi)统建设。应对(dui)锂、镍等原材料(liao)交(jiao)易市(shi)场进行(xing)管理、畅通(tong)国际物流渠道,保障(zhang)全球电(dian)(dian)池(chi)材料(liao)供(gong)应。

  锂(li)资(zi)源供需平衡 2—3 年后有(you)可能恢复正常。由于新能源(yuan)汽车(che)的需(xu)求增长,电池价(jia)(jia)格会有(you)上涨,再往材料(liao)领域传递(di),就有(you)更大(da)(da)的放大(da)(da)效(xiao)应,本轮价(jia)(jia)格上涨和2016—2018 年(nian)锂资源上涨的(de)原因基本相同。

  从供需(xu)(xu)面看,恐慌性库存储备带(dai)来(lai)的(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)放大(da)是(shi)暂时的(de)(de),随(sui)着碳酸锂供应(ying)能力的(de)(de)提升,将逐步回归基本需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)面。根据欧阳明高预测,预计(ji)两三(san)年后(hou)有可能恢(hui)复完全的(de)(de)供需(xu)(xu)平衡。

游(you)锂资源(yuan)供求矛盾导致(zhi)的锂资源(yuan)价格上(shang)涨倒逼中国(guo)新(xin)能源(yuan)车(che)(che)(che)产(chan)业(ye)(ye)的长期发展(zhan)。高涨的上(shang)游(you)锂资源(yuan)价格一(yi)方面(mian)淘汰了技术(shu)落后、成本(ben)控制能力差(cha)的企业(ye)(ye),另一(yi)方面(mian)让政府和行业(ye)(ye)相(xiang)关企业(ye)(ye)对新(xin)能源(yuan)车(che)(che)(che)行业(ye)(ye)风险的认(ren)识更加(jia)深刻,必须(xu)保(bao)障上(shang)游(you)资源(yuan)供给(ji)安全,保(bao)障产(chan)业(ye)(ye)规范、有序发展(zhan)。为(wei)此应做到:,要(yao)加(jia)强锂、镍(nie)、钴(gu)等资源(yuan)保(bao)障体系建(jian)设,坚决避(bi)免(mian)电(dian)动车(che)(che)(che)时代被钴(gu)、镍(nie)资源(yuan)卡脖(bo)子;第二,加(jia)快发展(zhan)钠(na)离子、无钴(gu)、固态电(dian)池(chi)(chi)、燃料电(dian)池(chi)(chi)等新(xin)型电(dian)池(chi)(chi)技术(shu);第三,发展(zhan)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)回收技术(shu),补充(chong)并逐步替代上(shang)游(you)原材料需求。

    

7.被市场渐渐遗忘的钛酸锂电池(chi),是否还有机(ji)会重生?

 

钛酸锂动力(li)电(dian)(dian)池是以负极材料(liao)命(ming)名(ming),正极采用三元材料(liao),主(zhu)流电(dian)(dian)芯实测电(dian)(dian)压(ya)2.3V,从性能来看,的低温(wen)性(xing)能优越、安全性(xing)和循环使用性(xing)能较(jiao)好,作为快(kuai)充电(dian)(dian)池的倍率(lv)性(xing)能也得到业界(jie)的肯定。但是(shi)钛(tai)酸锂目前突出的问题有两点:其(qi)(qi)一,电(dian)(dian)压太低,因此能量密度(du)相(xiang)对低很多,其(qi)(qi)二,钛(tai)酸锂电(dian)(dian)池成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)明显要高(gao)于其(qi)(qi)他体系(xi),采用三元正极材(cai)料(liao)后整体成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)再度(du)上升,主要受以下因素影响:高(gao)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)小(xiao)金属材(cai)料(liao)(钛(tai)、镍、钴)、低能量密度(du)导(dao)致同容量的电(dian)(dian)池所需成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)更高(gao)。

 

钛酸(suan)锂(li)主要优(you)势(shi)在(zai)于快(kuai)充(chong),他可(ke)以实现(xian)快(kuai)速充(chong)电(dian)(dian),缓解电(dian)(dian)池(chi)续航充(chong)电(dian)(dian)焦炉。安(an)全性高。然(ran)而缺点也很明显。由于电(dian)(dian)池(chi)材料(liao)特(te)性决定,电(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)量密度(du)无(wu)法(fa)与磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)、三元锂(li)等电(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比。初期在(zai)公共交(jiao)通上得到(dao)了应用,然(ran)而由容量过低,无(wu)法(fa)到(dao)到(dao)逾期。所以现(xian)在(zai)市面(mian)上钛酸(suan)锂(li)登场次数越来越少

 

磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂快充电池是(shi)在技术为(wei)成(cheng)熟的磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂体系内进行优化(hua)和潜力挖(wa)掘,以山(shan)木新(xin)能源快充电池为例,山木新能源(yuan)磷(lin)酸铁锂(li)(li)快(kuai)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)通(tong)过材料体(ti)系创新及电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯结构(gou)优(you)(you)化来实现高倍率(lv)快(kuai)速(su)(su)充放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能(neng),正负(fu)极采用小粒径、大比表面(mian)积材料,以(yi)满足锂(li)(li)离子(zi)(zi)的快(kuai)速(su)(su)嵌入和脱出,降低电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液黏度以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高锂(li)(li)离子(zi)(zi)的迁移(yi)速(su)(su)率(lv)。伴随充放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率(lv)提(ti)(ti)升,磷(lin)酸铁锂(li)(li)快(kuai)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同样面(mian)临大量放(fang)热产(chan)生的高温安全问题,对此沃特玛通(tong)过对电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯结构(gou)优(you)(you)化,减少(shao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)芯内部阻抗来降低温升。循环寿命也(ye)是市场一(yi)直(zhi)关注的性(xing)能(neng)指标,山木新能(neng)源快充(chong)电池在6C充电倍率下循环1600周后仍然保持80%以上的剩余容量,足以满足用户需求。材料成本相对较低,再结合成熟的技术背景及稳定的产品性能,磷酸铁锂快充电池发展潜力巨大。


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