2022-07-16
锂(li)离子电(dian)(dian)池(chi)是由锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)发展而来的(de)。要想了(le)解两者的(de)区别,首先要先了(le)解锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
锂电(dian)池(chi)采(cai)用(yong)二氧化锰或亚(ya)硫酰氯作(zuo)为正极(ji)(ji)材料,锂作(zuo)为负极(ji)(ji)材料,但电(dian)池(chi)的循坏性(xing)能(neng)较差,在(zai)充放电(dian)循环过(guo)程中,容易(yi)形成锂结晶(jing),造(zao)成电(dian)池(chi)内(nei)部短路,所以(yi)一(yi)般情况下禁止这类电(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)。
后(hou)来,日本索尼公司发明了以碳材(cai)料为负(fu)极(ji)(ji),含锂(li)(li)(li)化合物为正极(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。在(zai)充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)过程中,没有(you)金属锂(li)(li)(li),只有(you)锂(li)(li)(li)离子,这就是锂(li)(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。当电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi),锂(li)(li)(li)离子在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)正极(ji)(ji)形(xing)成,然后(hou)通过电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液传输到负(fu)极(ji)(ji)。负(fu)极(ji)(ji)是碳层(ceng)结(jie)构,具有(you)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)微孔(kong),锂(li)(li)(li)离子嵌入碳层(ceng)的(de)(de)微孔(kong),嵌入的(de)(de)锂(li)(li)(li)离子越(yue)多(duo),充电(dian)(dian)(dian)能力越(yue)高。电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)时(shi),锂(li)(li)(li)离子则(ze)从负(fu)极(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)碳层(ceng)脱出回到正极(ji)(ji)。
锂(li)(li)离子(zi)电池采用可(ke)逆脱锂(li)(li)的碳材料(liao)替代金属锂(li)(li)作(zuo)为(wei)负极(ji),克(ke)服了锂(li)(li)二次(ci)电池循环(huan)寿(shou)命低、安全性差的缺点,实现了锂(li)(li)离子(zi)电池的商业化。这(zhei)标志着(zhe)电池行业的一场革命。
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