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工作温度对磷酸铁锂电池有什么影响?

2022-08-22

磷酸铁锂电池

目(mu)前(qian)使(shi)用比较(jiao)多的(de)(de)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)是磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi),因为大家都(dou)知道锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)稳定性(xing)较(jiao)差(cha),安(an)全系数不是比较(jiao)高,而(er)(er)磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)是在原有锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)池(chi)(chi)正极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)基础上进(jin)行改进(jin),让其(qi)安(an)全系数更(geng)高,常见正极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)有钻(zuan)酸锂(li)(li)、锰酸锂(li)(li)、镍酸锂(li)(li)等,常用的(de)(de)是钻(zuan)酸锂(li)(li)。虽然磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)也属(shu)于锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)池(chi)(chi),但是我(wo)们从负极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)上可以(yi)看出,磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)是锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)池(chi)(chi)稳定性(xing)高的(de)(de)电(dian)池(chi)(chi),而(er)(er)且在成本(ben)(ben)方面,也不是很高,所以(yi)磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)在一些(xie)大型(xing)工业和(he)移动(dong)移动(dong)基站中(zhong)越来越多的(de)(de)使(shi)用。

但磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)振动密度低,决定了磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)在电(dian)(dian)动工具使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)的(de)有效(xiao)性。相比较而(er)言(yan),如果(guo)将磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)应用(yong)于手机,其缺点(dian)就会完全暴露出来,明显的(de)缺点(dian)就是(shi)容量不足。一般情况下,磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)工作环境在-50℃~ +80℃之间。但是(shi)在实际应用(yong)中(zhong),磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)在工作过程中(zhong)会产生热量,所以,我们好将磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)组的(de)温度控(kong)制在+50摄氏(shi)度以下。

然而,磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)大的(de)缺(que)点(dian)之一是(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)低温(wen)耐(nai)(nai)受性。一般(ban)来说(shuo),磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)耐(nai)(nai)低温(wen)的(de),所以尽量不(bu)要在(zai)超出(chu)的(de)温(wen)度范围内工(gong)作(zuo)。无论(lun)磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)高(gao)温(wen)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)还(hai)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)低温(wen)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo),两种情(qing)况下(xia)都(dou)会产(chan)生较(jiao)大损耗,因为(wei)磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)长期(qi)在(zai)高(gao)温(wen)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo),虽(sui)然从化学角度来说(shuo)有利(li)于电(dian)(dian)极材料的(de)转化,但(dan)也涉及到磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)主要用(yong)于电(dian)(dian)动工(gong)具(ju),因此,放(fang)电(dian)(dian)量非常大。虽(sui)然磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)组(zu)具(ju)有耐(nai)(nai)高(gao)温(wen)的(de)特性,但(dan)长时间在(zai)高(gao)温(wen)下(xia)工(gong)作(zuo)对(dui)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有影响,如(ru)容量明显(xian)下(xia)降。对(dui)于这种情(qing)况,这是(shi)(shi)所有二次电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)通(tong)病,而磷酸(suan)铁(tie)(tie)(tie)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)这方(fang)面的(de)损耗相对(dui)较(jiao)低。

磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以有很(hen)好的(de)稳定性(xing),而(er)且正极(ji)材(cai)料都(dou)受益于(yu)它,但凡事总有两重性(xing),虽然磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池正极(ji)材(cai)料使(shi)其稳定、安全(quan),但就相对于(yu)其他锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池而(er)言,磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能相对较差(cha),而(er)低温(wen)会影响电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液,由于(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液导电(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)高凝点低,在低温(wen)环(huan)境下(xia)(xia)容(rong)易发生结(jie)冰,低温(wen)下(xia)(xia)磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)工作性(xing)能大(da)幅(fu)下(xia)(xia)降。


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