2022-08-25
锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)隔(ge)膜是(shi)(shi)(shi)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)关键(jian)内部(bu)部(bu)件之一。隔(ge)膜的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)决定(ding)了锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)界面(mian)结构和(he)(he)(he)内阻,直接影响电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量、循环和(he)(he)(he)安全性能(neng)。性能(neng)优(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)膜对提高(gao)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)综合(he)性能(neng)起着重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。一层多孔塑料薄膜,是(shi)(shi)(shi)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)材(cai)料中技(ji)术壁垒(lei)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一种(zhong)高(gao)附加值(zhi)材(cai)料,约占锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)20%-30%,毛利率可高(gao)达(da)60%-70%。隔(ge)膜价(jia)格高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要原因是(shi)(shi)(shi)隔(ge)膜生产的(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)关键(jian)技(ji)术被(bei)日本(ben)和(he)(he)(he)美国(guo)垄断。国(guo)内隔(ge)膜,尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)端隔(ge)膜的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)项指(zhi)标还没有达(da)到(dao)国(guo)外产品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平。隔(ge)膜技(ji)术的(de)(de)(de)(de)难点在(zai)于制(zhi)孔工(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)术和(he)(he)(he)基体材(cai)料。制(zhi)孔工(gong)程(cheng)技(ji)术包括隔(ge)膜制(zhi)孔工(gong)艺、生产设备和(he)(he)(he)产品(pin)稳(wen)定(ding)性。基体材(cai)料包括聚丙烯(xi)、聚乙烯(xi)材(cai)料和(he)(he)(he)添加剂(ji)。
锂电池隔膜(mo)的(de)生(sheng)产(chan)工(gong)艺(yi)有干法(fa)(fa)和湿法(fa)(fa)两(liang)(liang)种(zhong)。锂电池隔膜(mo)干法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)产(chan)工(gong)艺(yi)包括单向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)(la)伸和双向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)(la)伸两(liang)(liang)种(zhong):单向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)(la)伸采(cai)用晶圆分(fen)离的(de)工(gong)艺(yi)原理,设备复(fu)(fu)杂,精(jing)度(du)要求高,投资大(da),工(gong)艺(yi)复(fu)(fu)杂,控制难度(du)高,环保(bao)。在隔膜(mo)质量方面,微(wei)孔尺(chi)寸(cun)大(da),分(fen)布(bu)均匀(yun),微(wei)孔导电性(xing)好(hao),可以生(sheng)产(chan)不同厚度(du)的(de)产(chan)品,可以生(sheng)产(chan)PP、PE产(chan)品和三层复(fu)(fu)合产(chan)品,但(dan)横向(xiang)(xiang)韧性(xing)稍差(cha)。
双向拉伸(shen)采用(yong)晶体转换原(yuan)理(li),设备(bei)复杂,投资大。一般(ban)需要成孔剂等助剂来辅助成孔。隔膜(mo)质量上微孔径大小,分布均(jun)匀(yun),稳定性差,现仅限生产较(jiao)厚规格的PP薄膜(mo)。但(dan)其物(wu)理(li)力学性能优于单(dan)向拉伸(shen)。
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