2022-10-24
作为近年来流行的新能源电(dian)池,磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂电(dian)池已经受到用(yong)户的青(qing)睐,比如磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂电(dian)池的鼓包是否还能使用(yong),如何(he)修(xiu)复鼓包或鼓包的原因是什么等。让(rang)我(wo)们(men)全(quan)面了解(jie)一下磷(lin)酸铁(tie)锂电(dian)池鼓包的问(wen)题。
1、磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂电池(chi)鼓(gu)包的原(yuan)因
(1) 制造水平(ping)问题
锂电池(chi)鼓包可(ke)能是磷酸铁锂电池(chi)组(zu)制造水(shui)平的问(wen)题,电极(ji)涂(tu)层不均(jun)匀,生(sheng)产工艺相对粗糙。
(2) 过度充电导(dao)致的锂电池膨胀
过充(chong)电会(hui)导(dao)致(zhi)正极材料(liao)中的锂原(yuan)子(zi)全部跑(pao)进负极材料(liao)中,导(dao)致(zhi)正极原(yuan)有的满栅发(fa)生(sheng)变形塌陷,这(zhei)也是磷酸铁锂电池电量下降的主要原(yuan)因之一。在此过程中,负极中的锂离子(zi)越来越多(duo)。过度的积(ji)累导(dao)致(zhi)锂原(yuan)子(zi)长成(cheng)树桩(zhuang)晶(jing)体,这(zhei)使得锂电池组膨胀。
(3) 磷酸(suan)铁锂电(dian)池组长时(shi)间会鼓(gu)包(bao),因为(wei)空(kong)气在一定程(cheng)度上是导电(dian)的,所以长时(shi)间相(xiang)当于(yu)电(dian)池正负极直接接触,慢(man)性短路。
(4) 过放电引起(qi)的鼓包。
在液态锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池的次充电(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)过(guo)程中(zhong),电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)和(he)电(dian)(dian)(dian)解质在固(gu)液界面处发生反应,从(cong)而(er)形成覆(fu)盖电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)表面的钝(dun)(dun)化(hua)层(ceng)。形成的钝(dun)(dun)化(hua)膜(mo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)有(you)效阻止电(dian)(dian)(dian)解质分(fen)子的通(tong)过(guo),但(dan)Li可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)过(guo)钝(dun)(dun)化(hua)层(ceng)自由嵌入和(he)分(fen)离(li),具有(you)固(gu)体电(dian)(dian)(dian)解质的特性(xing),因此这种钝(dun)(dun)化(hua)膜(mo)被称为SEI。SEI膜(mo)不是静(jing)态的,在充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)过(guo)程中(zhong)会有(you)一点变化(hua),主要是一些有(you)机物会发生可(ke)逆的变化(hua)。磷酸(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池组的过(guo)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)致SEI膜(mo)发生可(ke)逆断裂,保护(hu)负极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的SEI导(dao)致负极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)塌陷,从(cong)而(er)形成凸起现象。
(5) 短路(lu)的(de)剧烈(lie)反(fan)应产生(sheng)大量热量,导致电解(jie)液分解(jie)和汽化,电池鼓包。
(6) 磷(lin)酸(suan)铁锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器质(zhi)量不(bu)(bu)好(hao)的原因(yin)。充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器由劣质(zhi)板、创新或低质(zhi)量组件制成(cheng),产(chan)生热(re)量和(he)不(bu)(bu)准确的参数漂移,从而(er)使充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)气(qi)压力极限失(shi)控(kong),导致锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)内部气(qi)体(ti)揉(rou)捏,导致电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)外壳变(bian)形、充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、破裂甚至爆裂。
(7) 磷酸铁(tie)锂电(dian)(dian)池组长时间搁置时会(hui)鼓包。由于(yu)空气在一定程度上是导电(dian)(dian)的,所(suo)以长时间相(xiang)当于(yu)电(dian)(dian)池的正负(fu)极直接接触和缓慢短路。
2、磷酸铁锂(li)电池鼓包(bao)的维修
(1) 当电池鼓包时,我(wo)们首(shou)先(xian)用保鲜(xian)膜密封电池,然后将其放入(ru)冰箱冷却(que)约半小时。
(2) 温度降(jiang)低后(hou)取出电池,然(ran)后(hou)揭开电池表面(mian)包(bao)装纸。
(3) 然后用(yong)针在锂电(dian)池组的表(biao)面上打一个(ge)小(xiao)孔。
(4) 用手指按压(ya)以释放电池中的(de)气体(ti)。
(5) 用胶带(dai)密封气孔。
3、磷酸铁锂电池鼓(gu)包会降低容量(liang)吗
在(zai)鼓包过程中,锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)组(zu)容量(liang)降低,并且(qie)电(dian)池(chi)寿命明显缩短。在(zai)严重(zhong)的情况下,电(dian)池(chi)寿命将极短,甚至无法使用(yong)。此(ci)时(shi),一般(ban)需要(yao)更换电(dian)池(chi)。为了安全(quan)起(qi)见,好购买新(xin)电(dian)池(chi)。
4、磷酸(suan)铁(tie)锂(li)电池(chi)鼓包后还(hai)能用吗?
磷酸(suan)铁(tie)锂电池(chi)(chi)鼓(gu)包时不建议重复使用。在鼓(gu)包过程(cheng)中(zhong),锂电池(chi)(chi)组的(de)容量降低,并且电池(chi)(chi)寿(shou)命明(ming)显缩短。在严重的(de)情(qing)况下(xia),电池(chi)(chi)寿(shou)命将(jiang)极短,甚至无法(fa)使用。此时,一般需要更换(huan)电池(chi)(chi)。为了安全起见(jian),好购买(mai)新电池(chi)(chi)。
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