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目前，低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)研发和(he)应(ying)用已为(wei)人所知。低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)磷(lin)酸铁锂电(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)电(dian)(dian)极材料、隔板、极片、极耳等方面的(de)(de)材料基本相(xiang)(xiang)同，在(zai)(zai)提(ti)高低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)性能(neng)方面相(xiang)(xiang)似。区别(bie)在(zai)(zai)于低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)质。差异相(xiang)(xiang)对较(jiao)大，直接影响电(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)环(huan)境下的(de)(de)性能(neng)。因此(ci)，提(ti)高低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)磷(lin)酸铁锂电(dian)(dian)池性能(neng)的(de)(de)主要来(lai)源是从电(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)开始的(de)(de)。

锂离子电(dian)池运行的温度(du)范围显示(shi)了其(qi)应用特(te)性(xing)(xing)。在非常低的温度(du)下，航(hang)(hang)空(kong)航(hang)(hang)天要求锂离子电(dian)池在-60 ℃ 至-80 ℃ 之间具有合理的放电(dian)效(xiao)率，而钻井行业要求100 ℃ 以(yi)上(shang)的良好性(xing)(xing)能。

除这(zhei)两个细分市场外，大(da)多(duo)数锂(li)离子电(dian)池应(ying)用(yong)的温度窗(chuang)口is-50C〜80 ℃。这(zhei)些窗(chuang)口包括家用(yong)电(dian)子和电(dian)动工具 (-20 ℃ 至(zhi)60 ℃)，HEV(-30 ℃ 至(zhi)70 ℃) 和军事应(ying)用(yong) (-50 ℃ 至(zhi)80 ℃)。

目前，锂离(li)子电池电解(jie)液的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂多为碳酸(suan)盐系列高纯度(du)有(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂，如碳酸(suan)亚乙酯(zhi) (EC) 、碳酸(suan)丙(bing)烯酯(zhi) (PC) 、碳酸(suan)二甲酯(zhi) (DMC) 、碳酸(suan)二乙酯(zhi) (DEC) 等。然而(er)，单一(yi)(yi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂的(de)(de)性能(neng)往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)能(neng)同(tong)时具有(you)(you)多组分混(hun)合(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂的(de)(de)实际要求，混(hun)合(he)一(yi)(yi)定比例后的(de)(de)多组分混(hun)合(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂往(wang)往(wang)优于单一(yi)(yi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂。通过优化有(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂来改善电解(jie)质的(de)(de)低(di)温(wen)性能(neng)，就是要找到(dao)一(yi)(yi)种与当前电解(jie)质可混(hun)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)低(di)熔点有(you)(you)机(ji)(ji)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)剂。

低(di)温(wen)下导热(re)性能良好的电解质溶剂体系用(yong)于提高电池(chi)低(di)温(wen)充放电时(shi)的体温(wen)，如溶剂体系DMC+DEC等(deng)。

使(shi)用(yong)熔点和粘度较低的有机溶剂(ji)拓宽电解质的液体温度范围，如使(shi)用(yong)丙(bing)酸乙酯(zhi)和丁(ding)酸甲酯(zhi)等(deng)羧酸盐溶剂(ji)。