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锂离(li)子电池的主要性能指标

1、容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)：锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)分为额定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)和实际容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)额定(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)是指在环境(jing)温(wen)度为20℃±5℃，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)速率为5h，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)至终(zhong)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)压时所(suo)应提供的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)，用C5表示。电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)实际容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)是指电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在一定(ding)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)条(tiao)件下所(suo)释放(fang)的(de)实际功(gong)率，主(zhu)要受放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)速率和温(wen)度的(de)影响。容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)单位:mAh、Ah (1Ah=1000mAh)。

2、电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)：电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是指电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工(gong)作时(shi)流经电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的电(dian)(dian)流的电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)。它由(you)欧(ou)姆内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)和极化内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)组成。电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)电(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越(yue)大(da)，电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)压越(yue)低，放(fang)电(dian)(dian)时(shi)间越(yue)短。内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)主要受电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)料、制造工(gong)艺和结构的影响。电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)是衡(heng)量锂离子电(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能的一个(ge)重要参数。

3、电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)：开(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)非工(gong)作状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)下(xia)(xia)，也就是(shi)没有电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)极(ji)和负(fu)(fu)极(ji)之(zhi)间的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位差。一般情况下(xia)(xia)，锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)满电(dian)(dian)(dian)时的(de)开(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)约(yue)为(wei)4.1-4.2V，放电(dian)(dian)(dian)时的(de)开(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)约(yue)为(wei)3.0V。通过检测电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)开(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，可以(yi)判断电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)。工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)又(you)称终端电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)作状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)下(xia)(xia)有电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)时，电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)负(fu)(fu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)之(zhi)间的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)位差。在(zai)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)状(zhuang)(zhuang)态(tai)下(xia)(xia)，当电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)过电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)时，不需要克服电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)内阻引起(qi)的(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，因此工(gong)作电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)始(shi)终低于开(kai)(kai)路(lu)(lu)(lu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)(ya)，充(chong)(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)时则相(xiang)反。

4、充(chong)放电(dian)倍(bei)率(lv)：指锂(li)离子电(dian)池(chi)在规定时间内释(shi)放其额(e)定容量(liang)时所需的电(dian)流值，1C是数(shu)值上等于电(dian)池(chi)的额(e)定容量(liang)，通常用字母(mu)c表示。如果电(dian)池(chi)的标称额(e)定容量(liang)为10Ah，那(nei)么10A是1C(1倍(bei))，5A是0.5℃，100A是10C，以此类推(tui)。

5、自放电率：是指电池在(zai)开路状态下所储存的电量(liang)(liang)维(wei)持能力，它主(zhu)要受(shou)制造(zao)工艺(yi)、材料(liao)、贮存条件等因素的影(ying)响。是衡量(liang)(liang)电池性能的一个重要参数。

6、充(chong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)：充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)过(guo)程中所消(xiao)耗的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能转化为电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以储存的化学(xue)能的程度的衡量标准。它(ta)主要(yao)受电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池工艺、配方和电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池工作(zuo)环境(jing)温(wen)度的影响。一般情(qing)况下(xia)，环境(jing)温(wen)度越高，充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)越低。放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)指在一定(ding)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)条件下(xia)，实际释放(fang)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量与终(zhong)端电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池额定(ding)容(rong)量的比值。