2022-11-22
低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)包(bao)(bao)括低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)18650锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)软包(bao)(bao)聚合物锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)磷酸(suan)铁锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。每种(zhong)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)有(you)自己的优缺点。因此(ci),有(you)必要(yao)根(gen)据(ju)实际设备的应(ying)用要(yao)求来说明哪(na)种(zhong)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。耐低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)根(gen)据(ju)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)单(dan)体(ti)(ti)外壳封装分为钢壳圆柱形耐低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)铝质新型薄膜软包(bao)(bao)耐低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。按电(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的种(zhong)类分为液(ye)态(tai)、胶体(ti)(ti)和(he)固态(tai)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)锂(li)(li)离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
让我们通过各自的优缺(que)点来看(kan)看(kan)哪(na)种锂电池更好。
1、低温(wen)18650锂电(dian)池
低温18650锂(li)电池是一种固定尺(chi)寸的圆柱形(xing)(xing)钢(gang)(gang)壳锂(li)电池。由于(yu)圆柱形(xing)(xing)钢(gang)(gang)壳的18650电池中使用的电解(jie)质是液体,因此(ci)在相对低温环(huan)境下的放电性能变化很(hen)大,并且容易(yi)发生故障。低温18650锂(li)电池的低温性能如何?
(1) 在(zai)-20 ℃ 以上(shang)的低温下,放(fang)电(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)75% 以上(shang)。如果低于-20 ℃,容(rong)量(liang)(liang)将急(ji)剧下降(jiang)。放(fang)电(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)可(ke)以约为原始40%。如果低于-30 ℃,电(dian)池基本(ben)不会工(gong)作;
(2) 在一(yi)般低温环境下,18650锂电(dian)池(chi)由于(yu)成(cheng)本(ben)低,具(ju)有一(yi)定的优势(shi);
(3) 由于(yu)尺寸固(gu)定(ding),电池在大电流放(fang)电下没有优势;
(4) 在(zai)设备相(xiang)同的放电性能要求下,18650锂(li)电池(chi)重量较(jiao)大,形(xing)状固定,不利(li)于为设备节省(sheng)空间的理念(nian);
(5) 电池的(de)(de)大容量(liang)(liang)受到限制。在(zai)相同的(de)(de)空间(jian)尺寸(cun)下(xia),软包低温锂(li)电池的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)可以是几倍。
2、软(ruan)包低温聚合物锂电池
软包(bao)低(di)温聚合物锂(li)电(dian)池可以(yi)根据(ju)设备(bei)预留的(de)空间在形(xing)状和尺寸上进行制造,充分使设备(bei)达(da)到更理想的(de)实际使用要求,但缺点也很明显。它的(de)生产成(cheng)本(ben)相对较高,仅适用于价格不敏感的(de)设备(bei)。目前市场上的(de)低(di)温锂(li)电(dian)池池的(de)大致范围如下:
充(chong)电温度: -20 ℃ ~ + 45 ℃
放电温(wen)度: -40 ℃ ~ + 60 ℃
-40 ℃ 0.2C放(fang)电容量(liang) ≥ 80%
-30 ℃ 0.2C放电容量 ≥ 90%
-40 ℃ 0.5C放电容量 ≥ 70%
低温(wen)循环(huan)性能突出,300循环(huan)0.2C充放电循环(huan)的容(rong)量保(bao)持率超过85%。
充电温度: -20 ℃ ~ + 45 ℃
放电温度: -40 ℃ ~ + 60 ℃
-40 ℃ 3C放电容量 ≥ 75%
-40 ℃ 1C放电(dian)容量 ≥ 85%
3、低温磷酸铁锂(li)电池
低(di)温磷酸铁锂电池有软包和钢(gang)壳两种(zhong),但(dan)目前大(da)多数都是(shi)软包形式。它(ta)的成本比钢(gang)壳贵,但(dan)性能(neng)更好。与低(di)温聚合物锂电池相比,价格略低(di),但(dan)比低(di)温18650锂电池高(gao)。
低温磷酸铁锂电池(chi)的性能如(ru)下:
优异的(de)(de)低温工作(zuo)性能: 在-40 ℃ 时放电(dian)(dian)0.5 ℃,放电(dian)(dian)容量(liang)超(chao)过(guo)初(chu)始容量(liang)的(de)(de)65%; 在-35 ℃ 时放电(dian)(dian)0.3C,放电(dian)(dian)容量(liang)超(chao)过(guo)初(chu)始容量(liang)的(de)(de)75%;
工作温度(du)范围(wei)宽,-40 ℃ 至55 ℃;
可在-20 ℃ 下充电;
尺(chi)寸(cun)灵活,电池的尺(chi)寸(cun)和形状可以(yi)根据客(ke)户需求单独设计(ji)。
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