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镍镉电(dian)池、镍氢电(dian)池和锂电(dian)池是众多电(dian)池类型中相对受欢(huan)迎(ying)的三(san)种(zhong)电(dian)池品种(zhong)，那么(me)这三(san)者(zhe)有什么(me)区别呢(ni)？

一、镍镉电池

镍(nie)镉电(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)在(zai)极端环(huan)境(jing)下工作，比如寒冷(leng)或炎热的天气(qi)。使(shi)用(yong)寿命(ming)比镍(nie)氢电(dian)(dian)池(chi)或锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)长，寿命(ming)约为700-1000次(ci)(ci)。这类(lei)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)适用(yong)于高输(shu)出深度放(fang)电(dian)(dian)，因为其具有记(ji)忆(yi)效应。也就是(shi)说，如果(guo)它(ta)们(men)在(zai)每次(ci)(ci)使(shi)用(yong)后都没(mei)有充(chong)满(man)电(dian)(dian)。它(ta)会记(ji)住后一次(ci)(ci)大电(dian)(dian)量，从而(er)缩短电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的寿命(ming)。它(ta)们(men)可(ke)以修(xiu)复，但至少需要三个生命(ming)周期。使(shi)用(yong)镍(nie)镉电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的好处是(shi)具有超(chao)强的耐温能力(li)和深度放(fang)电(dian)(dian)能力(li)。

二、镍氢电池

镍(nie)(nie)(nie)氢(qing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的容(rong)量(liang)比镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)大，比锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)小(xiao)，重量(liang)几(ji)乎是镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的两倍(bei)。是一种良好的中温电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，可在(zai)(zai)零下5到95华氏(shi)度(du)(du)的环境下工作，具有良好的深(shen)度(du)(du)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性，存储(chu)容(rong)量(liang)几(ji)乎是镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的两倍(bei)。使(shi)用(yong)寿命(ming)周期通常低(di)于(yu)镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，寿命(ming)周期为500-800次(ci)。在(zai)(zai)充放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性方(fang)面(mian)与镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)非常相似，比热(re)失控(kong)的锂离子电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)更(geng)安(an)全。镍(nie)(nie)(nie)氢(qing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)防止热(re)失控(kong)方(fang)面(mian)优于(yu)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，但不如(ru)镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

三、锂电池

锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)以其巨大的能(neng)量密度而闻名，能(neng)储存(cun)比(bi)(bi)任何传统电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)组更(geng)多(duo)的能(neng)量，这使得它们成(cheng)为便携(xie)式电(dian)(dian)(dian)子产品、汽车(che)等的理(li)想(xiang)选(xuan)择。锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)具有(you)镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的记忆效应，而且与镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或镍(nie)(nie)(nie)氢(qing)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比(bi)(bi)，其在(zai)深度放电(dian)(dian)(dian)应用方面表现好。不(bu)会污染水源，比(bi)(bi)镍(nie)(nie)(nie)镉(ge)(ge)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)更(geng)环保(bao)。在(zai)极端温(wen)度下(xia)，锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)是很好的电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)-40℃时(shi)的大容量为室温(wen)容量的12%。安全性是锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的另一个问题。所有(you)锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)必须通过集成(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路控制输入和(he)输出电(dian)(dian)(dian)压。如果(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)路不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)，锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)会出现热失控。在(zai)有(you)水的情况下(xia)，锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的内部会迅(xun)速(su)氧化(并可(ke)(ke)能(neng)爆炸)。锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的寿命周(zhou)期(qi)在(zai)400 ~ 750左右。