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SEI膜对锂电池的电极性能的影响有哪些

2022-06-18

锂电池

锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)的电(dian)(dian)极(ji)在(zai)许多(duo)极(ji)性非质(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)溶剂体系(xi)中非常(chang)稳定,因为在(zai)这些(xie)(xie)电(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)中它们被表面膜钝(dun)化(hua),通常(chang)称为钝(dun)化(hua)膜或SEI膜。在(zai)大(da)多(duo)数(shu)电(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)中,SEI膜主要由(you)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)无机盐和有机盐组成(cheng),阻止锂电(dian)(dian)极(ji)与电(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)的进一(yi)步反应,让(rang)电(dian)(dian)极(ji)的稳定性更好,这是(shi)非水溶剂在(zai)一(yi)次锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)中成(cheng)功应用的原因。

在金(jin)属锂电(dian)池中(zhong),覆盖(gai)在锂电(dian)极表面(mian)的SEI膜的性(xing)能直接控制(zhi)着锂电(dian)极的电(dian)化学行为(wei)。电(dian)池的循(xun)环使(shi)用(yong)寿(shou)命(ming)取(qu)决于(yu)锂溶解/沉积过程的不可(ke)逆容量(liang),其中(zhong)SEI膜的形(xing)成过程起着重要(yao)作用(yong),这(zhei)主要(yao)是(shi)由于(yu)以(yi)下(xia)原因:

1、金属锂与电(dian)解质(zhi)组分反应(ying)所引起(qi)的腐蚀程度取决于SEI膜在其表面(mian)的钝化性能。

2、锂(li)(li)的溶解和(he)沉积(ji)必须通过(guo)(guo)SEI膜进行,锂(li)(li)离子通过(guo)(guo)SEI膜迁移即为锂(li)(li)沉积(ji),溶解过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的速率控制步骤决定了锂(li)(li)沉积(ji)-溶解过(guo)(guo)程(cheng)的均匀性。

3、锂离(li)子(zi)可(ke)以通过(guo)(guo)(guo)SEI薄膜的(de)沉积和(he)溶(rong)解过(guo)(guo)(guo)程发生,但(dan)在溶(rong)解和(he)沉积过(guo)(guo)(guo)程中,由于(yu)SEI主要由离(li)子(zi)成分组成,很难适应(ying)(ying)锂表面(mian)形貌的(de)变化(hua)过(guo)(guo)(guo)程,因(yin)此SEI膜破裂,导(dao)致了锂裸,并进(jin)一步与电解液反应(ying)(ying)。

4、SEI膜的破裂会导致(zhi)一些高活性(xing)位(wei)点的形成(cheng)(cheng),这(zhei)将加速锂在这(zhei)些位(wei)点的沉积和(he)溶解速度,形成(cheng)(cheng)锂电极表面电流(liu)分布的不(bu)均(jun)匀性(xing),不(bu)均(jun)匀性(xing)和(he)枝晶的形成(cheng)(cheng)导致(zhi)了一系列的安全(quan)问题。


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