2022-06-20
英国研(yan)究人员使用(yong)一种广(guang)泛存(cun)在的蓝(lan)绿藻为微处理器持续供电了(le)一年,过程(cheng)中(zhong)只使用(yong)环境光和水(shui)。该系统具有以可靠和可再生方式为小型设(she)备供电的潜力。该研(yan)究近日发表(biao)在《能源(yuan)与环境科(ke)学》杂志(zhi)上。
该系统的(de)大(da)小与AA电池相当,包含一种称为集胞藻的无毒藻类,可通过光合作用自然地从太阳中获取能量,其产生的微小电流与铝电极相互作用并用于为微处理器供电。
该系统(tong)由普通、廉价(jia)且大(da)(da)部(bu)分可(ke)(ke)回收的材(cai)料制成。这意味着它(ta)可(ke)(ke)以很容易地(di)(di)被复制数十万次,作为(wei)物(wu)联网(wang)(wang)的一(yi)部(bu)分为(wei)大(da)(da)量小(xiao)型(xing)设备供电(dian)。研(yan)究人员表示,它(ta)在(zai)处于离网(wang)(wang)情况下或在(zai)偏远地(di)(di)区(qu)为(wei)有用,在(zai)这些地(di)(di)方少量电(dian)力就可(ke)(ke)能产生很大(da)(da)益处。
该论文的联合(he)高级作者、英国剑桥大学生物化学系(xi)克里斯多福· 豪教授说:“不断增长的物联网需要越来越多的电力,我们认为这必须来自能够产生能量的系统,而不是像电池一样简单地储存能量。”而且这个光合设备不会像电池那样耗尽电量,因为它不断地使用光作为能源。
在实验中,该设备被证实可广(guang)泛用(yong)于(yu)为物(wu)联网设备的(de)微处理(li)器(qi)供电(dian)。物(wu)联网是一个(ge)庞大(da)且(qie)不断增长的(de)电(dian)子设备网络,每个(ge)设备只使用(yong)少(shao)量电(dian)力,通(tong)过互联网收集和共享实时(shi)数(shu)据。使用(yong)低成本的(de)计算机芯片和无(wu)线网络,数(shu)十亿(yi)台(tai)设备成为该网络的(de)一部分(fen),从智能手表到发电(dian)站的(de)温度传感器(qi)。到2035年,这一数字预计将增长到一万亿台设备,需要大量的便携式能源。
研究人员还(hai)解释了该设(she)备可在自然光和(he)相(xiang)关温度波动下(xia)的(de)家庭环(huan)境或半户(hu)外条件下(xia)运行的(de)原因(yin)。藻(zao)类(lei)不需(xu)要(yao)喂食(shi),它在光合作用(yong)时会(hui)产生自己的(de)食(shi)物,尽管光合作用(yong)需(xu)要(yao)光,但该设(she)备甚至可在黑(hei)暗环(huan)境中继续(xu)(xu)发电(dian),这(zhei)是(shi)因(yin)为藻(zao)类(lei)在没(mei)有光的(de)情(qing)况下(xia)会(hui)继续(xu)(xu)处理一(yi)些食(shi)物,而这(zhei)会(hui)持(chi)续(xu)(xu)产生电(dian)流。
【总编辑圈点】
物联网供(gong)电(dian)的复杂性,其实(shi)远(yuan)超人们想象(xiang)。现(xian)有的解决方案很多不(bu)再适用:首(shou)先使用锂离(li)子电(dian)池为(wei)(wei)数以万亿计的物联网设备(bei)供(gong)电(dian)已被认为(wei)(wei)不(bu)切实(shi)际,因(yin)为(wei)(wei)它需(xu)要的锂是全(quan)球(qiu)每年生产量(liang)的3倍;其次传统光伏设备在制造材料上还有值得商榷的问题;再者物联网用电可能既要有非常宽的输入范围,又要保持很高的效率不能让系统过热。在这种情况下,科学家将目光投向了藻类光伏电池,其未必会成为主流方案,但它为长久使用中大限度地提高性能,同时又将损耗小化带来更多选择。
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