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加入催化剂改变盐浓度 锂电池的动力学速率提高数倍

2022-06-20

加入催化剂改变盐浓(nong)度 锂电池的动力学速率提高数倍

 

科技日报(bao)讯 (记者金凤 通讯员周伟 王洪洲)在目前研究的新型二次储能系统中,锂—氧电池是理论上比能量高的电池体系。但其放电产物过氧化锂的绝缘性,阻碍了锂—氧电池的发展进程。日前,南京工业大学陈宇辉教授课题组联合上海大学施思齐教授以及奥地利科学家,发现通过改变锂盐浓度或者溶剂,就可以让绝缘体的电化学速率提高数倍。研究成果近日发表在国际权威期刊《自然·催化》上。

  与锂(li)离(li)子(zi)电池等插层电池主要(yao)依靠离(li)子(zi)脱出(chu)或(huo)嵌(qian)入来平衡混合导电固体(ti)的(de)氧化还原电荷(he)不同,未(wei)来电池技(ji)术如锂(li)—氧电池、锂—硫电池会产生绝缘物质。锂—氧电池在放电或充电期间将溶解在电解质中的氧气转化为固态绝缘物质过氧化锂。锂—硫电池可将固态绝缘物质硫和硫化锂相互转化。电极与绝缘、不溶性、固体存储材料之间会发生电荷转移,即使在低倍率下也会导致高过电位和不完全转化。

  “我们通过(guo)实验(yan)发(fa)现,用碘化(hua)锂(li)作(zuo)(zuo)为氧(yang)化(hua)还原(yuan)媒(mei)(mei)介(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)的催化(hua)剂,在(zai)与绝(jue)(jue)缘(yuan)物(wu)质比如过(guo)氧(yang)化(hua)锂(li)反应时,存(cun)在(zai)一个突(tu)变(bian)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)。”论文作(zuo)(zuo)者、南京(jing)工(gong)业大学博士(shi)生曹(cao)德庆介(jie)绍,当媒(mei)(mei)介(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)低于(yu)突(tu)变(bian)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)时,氧(yang)化(hua)还原(yuan)媒(mei)(mei)介(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)与绝(jue)(jue)缘(yuan)物(wu)质反应的动力学较慢,当电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)仅高(gao)于(yu)突(tu)变(bian)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)少许时,氧(yang)化(hua)还原(yuan)媒(mei)(mei)介(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)与绝(jue)(jue)缘(yuan)物(wu)质反应的动力学会突(tu)然加快(kuai)。而通过(guo)改(gai)变(bian)锂(li)盐(yan)浓度或者改(gai)变(bian)溶(rong)剂,就(jiu)可以调节媒(mei)(mei)介(jie)体(ti)(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)的变(bian)化(hua)。

  “经过(guo)(guo)(guo)深入研究,我们发现这(zhei)个(ge)现象不(bu)仅在(zai)碘化锂中(zhong)存在(zai),在(zai)其(qi)他媒(mei)(mei)介体(ti)与(yu)过(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化锂反应过(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)也(ye)存在(zai),这(zhei)个(ge)结(jie)论还可以延伸到除了锂—氧(yang)电(dian)(dian)池的(de)其(qi)他电(dian)(dian)池体(ti)系,比如锂—硫电(dian)(dian)池。”陈宇辉说,他们发现突变电(dian)(dian)位(wei)存在(zai)的(de)原因,其(qi)实是与(yu)绝缘(yuan)物质(zhi)的(de)晶面有关。因为绝缘(yuan)物质(zhi)比如过(guo)(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化锂等是多晶面的(de),媒(mei)(mei)介体(ti)的(de)电(dian)(dian)位(wei)应该超过(guo)(guo)(guo)主导(dao)晶面所需的(de)低过(guo)(guo)(guo)电(dian)(dian)势。


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