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锂电池寿命是按时间计算还是按循环次数计算?

2022-07-20

锂电池

业界(jie)根据循环(huan)次(ci)数来定(ding)义锂(li)离子电(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)寿(shou)命。但在实践中,用(yong)(yong)(yong)户使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)它的(de)方式是可变的(de),因为(wei)(wei)不同测(ce)试条件之间(jian)没有(you)可比性。国标规定(ding)了锂(li)电(dian)池循环(huan)寿(shou)命试验条件和要求:在25度室温(wen)下(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒流(liu)恒压(ya)1C充电(dian)系(xi)统充电(dian)150分钟,用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒流(liu)1C放(fang)电(dian)系(xi)统放(fang)电(dian)至2.75V截止为(wei)(wei)一个循环(huan)。当一次(ci)放(fang)电(dian)时(shi)间(jian)小于36min时(shi),测(ce)试结(jie)束,且(qie)循环(huan)次(ci)数必须(xu)大(da)于300次(ci)。

事实上,锂电(dian)池(chi)的循环使(shi)用次(ci)数不仅受不同使(shi)用方(fang)式的影响(xiang),还与(yu)厂家的生产技(ji)术水平和材料配方(fang)有(you)关。锂电(dian)池(chi)组规定(ding)(ding)循环寿(shou)命试验采(cai)用深充深放电(dian)模式。它指定(ding)(ding)的循环寿(shou)命进行超过300次(ci)在这种(zhong)模式下,能力(li)还应(ying)超过60%。

很多人喜欢(huan)用(yong)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池自动关机然后充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)。这完(wan)全没(mei)有(you)必要。事实上,用(yong)户不(bu)可能按照国家标准的(de)测试模(mo)式(shi)来使用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池。2.75V时(shi)手(shou)机不(bu)会关机,放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)不(bu)是(shi)大(da)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian),而是(shi)GSM脉冲放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)小电(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)混合。

另一个衡量循(xun)(xun)环寿命(ming)的(de)指标是(shi)时间。有(you)专家提出了一般(ban)民(min)用(yong)锂(li)离(li)子电(dian)池(chi)的(de)寿命(ming)2~3年,结合实际情况,如(ru)以60%的(de)容(rong)量作(zuo)为寿命(ming)结束,再(zai)加上锂(li)离(li)子电(dian)池(chi)的(de)老化效应,用(yong)时间来表达循(xun)(xun)环寿命(ming)比(bi)较合理。


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