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锂电池电解液类型介(jie)绍：

1、锂电(dian)池的液(ye)体电(dian)解(jie)液(ye)

锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液的(de)(de)(de)选择对(dui)锂(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)性能影响很大。它必(bi)须(xu)具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)学稳定(ding)性，特(te)别(bie)是在较高(gao)(gao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位和较高(gao)(gao)温度的(de)(de)(de)环境中，不(bu)易分解(jie)(jie)，具有较高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)率(lv)(lv) (C10-3scm)，并且(qie)阳极和阴极材(cai)料(liao)(liao)必(bi)须(xu)是惰性的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)能侵占它们。由于(yu)锂(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)具有高(gao)(gao)充放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势，并且(qie)负极材(cai)料(liao)(liao)中嵌入(ru)了具有高(gao)(gao)化(hua)(hua)学活(huo)性的(de)(de)(de)锂(li)，因此电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)必(bi)须(xu)使用有机(ji)化(hua)(hua)合物，并且(qie)不(bu)能包(bao)含水(shui)。然而，有机(ji)物的(de)(de)(de)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)率(lv)(lv)不(bu)好(hao)，因此应在有机(ji)溶剂中加入(ru)可溶性导(dao)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)盐(yan)以提(ti)高(gao)(gao)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)导(dao)率(lv)(lv)。目前，锂(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)主要使用液体电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)，其溶剂为(wei)无(wu)水(shui)有机(ji)物。

2、锂电池的固体电解质

锂(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池用(yong)(yong)(yong)金(jin)属锂(li)(li)直(zhi)接使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)阳极(ji)材(cai)料具(ju)有很高(gao)的可(ke)逆容量，其(qi)理论(lun)容量高(gao)达3862 mAh-g-1，是石墨材(cai)料的十倍(bei)以(yi)上，价格也(ye)(ye)较低。它(ta)被认为是新一代锂(li)(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池具(ju)吸(xi)引力(li)的负极(ji)材(cai)料，但会产生(sheng)树(shu)枝(zhi)状(zhuang)锂(li)(li)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)固(gu)体(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作为离(li)(li)子(zi)传导可(ke)以(yi)抑制树(shu)枝(zhi)状(zhuang)锂(li)(li)的生(sheng)长，使(shi)金(jin)属锂(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作阳极(ji)材(cai)料成(cheng)为可(ke)能。此外(wai)(wai)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)固(gu)体(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)避免液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泄(xie)漏的缺点，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以(yi)制成(cheng)更薄 (厚度(du)只有0.1毫米) 的能量密(mi)度(du)更高(gao)、体(ti)(ti)积更小(xiao)的高(gao)能电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。破(po)坏性(xing)实验(yan)表明，固(gu)态锂(li)(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池具(ju)有很高(gao)的安全性(xing)能。液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锂(li)(li)离(li)(li)子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池经(jing)过钉(ding)子(zi)穿透，加(jia)热 (200C)，短路和(he)过度(du)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) (600%) 等破(po)坏性(xing)实验(yan)后，会出(chu)现漏液(ye)(ye)和(he)爆炸等安全问题，而(er)固(gu)态电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池除了(le)内部温度(du)略(lve)有升高(gao) (<20 ℃) 外(wai)(wai)，没(mei)有其(qi)他(ta)安全问题。固(gu)体(ti)(ti)聚合物电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)有柔韧性(xing)好、成(cheng)膜(mo)性(xing)好、稳定性(xing)好、成(cheng)本低等特(te)点。它(ta)既可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作正负电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)极(ji)间隔物，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作离(li)(li)子(zi)转(zhuan)移电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解质(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。