2022-08-15
当电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)电(dian)时,锂离(li)子(zi)在电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)电(dian)极(ji)上(shang)产生,产生的(de)(de)锂离(li)子(zi)通过(guo)电(dian)解液移动到(dao)负(fu)极(ji)。作为负(fu)极(ji)的(de)(de)碳呈层(ceng)状结构,微孔(kong)较(jiao)多。到(dao)达负(fu)极(ji)的(de)(de)锂离(li)子(zi)嵌入(ru)在碳层(ceng)的(de)(de)微孔(kong)中。锂离(li)子(zi)嵌入(ru)越(yue)多,充(chong)电(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)高。类似地(di),当电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)放(fang)电(dian)时(我们使用电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)过(guo)程),嵌入(ru)在负(fu)极(ji)碳层(ceng)的(de)(de)锂离(li)子(zi)会逃逸并回(hui)到(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)极(ji)。返回(hui)正(zheng)(zheng)极(ji)的(de)(de)锂离(li)子(zi)越(yue)多,放(fang)电(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)高。
一般(ban)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)设置在0.2C ~ 1C之间,电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da),充电(dian)(dian)(dian)越快,电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)发(fa)热(re)越大(da)。此外,如果(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)太大(da),容(rong)量就(jiu)不会(hui)满,因(yin)为电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)内部的电(dian)(dian)(dian)化学反应(ying)需要时间。对于锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)来说(shuo),正(zheng)常使用就(jiu)是放电(dian)(dian)(dian)的过程。锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)需要注意以下(xia)几点:
1、放电电流(liu)不宜过大。电流(liu)过大会导(dao)致电池内部发热,可能(neng)造成永(yong)久(jiu)性损坏。
2、永远不要(yao)过(guo)度放电(dian)!锂电(dian)池(chi)怕过(guo)放电(dian)。一旦(dan)放电(dian)电(dian)压低于2.7V,电(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能报废。
锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)碳材料(liao)(liao)为负极,以(yi)(yi)(yi)含(han)有锂(li)(li)(li)的(de)化合物为正极,没有金属(shu)锂(li)(li)(li),只(zhi)有锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi),这就是锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)(chi)。锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)(chi)是以(yi)(yi)(yi)锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)嵌(qian)入(ru)化合物为正极材料(liao)(liao)的(de)电池(chi)(chi)的(de)总称。锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)电池(chi)(chi)的(de)充放(fang)电过程(cheng)就是锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)嵌(qian)入(ru)和脱嵌(qian)入(ru)的(de)过程(cheng)。在锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)嵌(qian)入(ru)和脱嵌(qian)入(ru)过程(cheng)中(zhong),伴随着等效电子(zi)(zi)与锂(li)(li)(li)离(li)子(zi)(zi)的(de)嵌(qian)入(ru)和脱嵌(qian)入(ru)。
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