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钛酸锂电池的优点和缺点是什么?

2022-08-24

锂电池

钛酸(suan)锂电(dian)池具有体积(ji)小、重量轻(qing)、能(neng)量密(mi)度高、密(mi)封性能(neng)好(hao)、无泄漏、无记(ji)忆效应、自放电(dian)率(lv)低、充(chong)放电(dian)速度快、循环(huan)寿命长、工(gong)作环(huan)境温(wen)度范围宽(kuan)、安全(quan)稳定绿(lv)色(se)环(huan)保等特点,因(yin)此在通信(xin)电(dian)源领域具有非常广(guang)泛的应用(yong)前景(jing)。

钛酸锂(li)作为(wei)(wei)(wei)负(fu)(fu)极材料(liao),其电压为(wei)(wei)(wei)1.55V,比(bi)传统石墨负(fu)(fu)极材料(liao)高出1V以上,这(zhei)意味(wei)着电池在能(neng)量密度有所(suo)损(sun)失的(de)情况下仍具(ju)有一定的(de)安(an)全(quan)性。由于1V的(de)高电压避免(mian)了负(fu)(fu)电压为(wei)(wei)(wei)0,钛酸锂(li)间接(jie)避免(mian)了锂(li)离(li)子的(de)沉淀,从而保证了电池的(de)安(an)全(quan)性。

由于钛(tai)酸锂电池可以在(zai)高温(wen)、低温(wen)环境中安(an)全使用(yong),也体现了其耐(nai)高温(wen)(尤其是耐(nai)低温(wen))宽的(de)重要优势。目前(qian)钛(tai)酸锂电池的(de)安(an)全工作温(wen)度范围为-50度~ 65度,而普(pu)通石墨负(fu)极(ji)电池在(zai)-20度以下就开始衰变。在(zai)零下30度时,充电容量仅为总充电容量的(de)14%,在(zai)寒冷的(de)天(tian)气无法正常(chang)工作。

虽然(ran)钛(tai)酸(suan)锂(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池优异的安全(quan)性能使其成(cheng)为研究热点,但Li, Ti, 0材料(liao)本身的电(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)导电(dian)(dian)(dian)性低(10-13s /cm)和锂(li)离子(zi)扩(kuo)散系数(10-10~10-13cm2/S)极(ji)大地限(xian)制了高倍下充(chong)放(fang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)的应(ying)用。


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