2022-08-24
锂电(dian)(dian)池电(dian)(dian)解液(ye)是锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)池的(de)“血液(ye)”,起着在电(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)负极之间传导电(dian)(dian)子的(de)作用(yong),是锂离(li)子电(dian)(dian)池高压、高比能等(deng)优点的(de)保证(zheng)。电(dian)(dian)解液(ye)一般由高纯有(you)机溶剂(ji)、锂电(dian)(dian)解液(ye)盐、必(bi)要的(de)添加剂(ji)等(deng)原料,在一定条件(jian)下,按(an)一定比例配制而(er)成(cheng)。
一、锂(li)电(dian)池电(dian)解液(ye)的危(wei)害(hai)
1、健康危害
侵入途(tu)径:吸入、摄入、经皮(pi)吸收(shou)。
健康危害(hai):本品为轻度(du)刺激(ji)物(wu)和麻醉剂。吸(xi)(xi)入会引起头痛、头晕、虚弱、恶心、呼吸(xi)(xi)困(kun)难(nan)等。液体或高(gao)浓(nong)度(du)蒸汽有刺激(ji)性。口服(fu)会刺激(ji)胃肠,长期接触刺激(ji)皮肤。
2、毒理(li)学资料和环境(jing)行为
毒(du)性(xing):估计(ji)可通过胃(wei)肠道、皮肤和呼吸(xi)道进入人(ren)体(ti),毒(du)性(xing)中(zhong)等。
危(wei)险特性:易燃(ran)易爆(bao),遇明火(huo)、高热有(you)燃(ran)烧危(wei)险。蒸(zheng)汽比空气重,可以在较(jiao)低的水平上扩散到(dao)相当远的距离,遇明火(huo)会引(yin)着回燃(ran)。
燃(ran)烧(分解)产物:一氧化(hua)(hua)碳、二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)碳。
二、锂电(dian)池电(dian)解液的处理(li)技术(shu)
1、液(ye)氮条件下回(hui)收电解液(ye)
处(chu)理电(dian)解(jie)液过程(cheng)中采用碳酸丙烯酯(PC)回(hui)收电(dian)解(jie)液;PC释(shi)放率高,2h后电(dian)解(jie)液可完全去(qu)除。为(wei)避免火灾和爆炸,在(zai)液氮的保护下,将(jiang)废电(dian)池切开,去(qu)除活(huo)性物质(zhi)。将(jiang)活(huo)性物质(zhi)浸泡在(zai)PC等电(dian)解(jie)液溶剂中一段时间,使(shi)电(dian)解(jie)液浸出,然后在(zai)惰(duo)性气氛中过滤。可以回(hui)收再利用多次(ci)。根据(ju)情况对(dui)回(hui)收的电(dian)解(jie)液进行净化,回(hui)收LiPF6。
2、高温热解挥发电(dian)解液
目前,大(da)(da)多数的实(shi)验研(yan)究对电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)不(bu)够重视,而(er)采用(yong)高(gao)温热解(jie)(jie)(jie)或煅烧的锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi),由于电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)的发热溶液(ye)温度(du)较低(约180℃),使(shi)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)分解(jie)(jie)(jie)挥发自如。在热解(jie)(jie)(jie)过程中,电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)产生HF、LiF等(deng)有毒气体(ti)。在大(da)(da)规模锂电(dian)(dian)池(chi)回收的过程中,需(xu)要增加尾(wei)气的二次处(chu)理。
3、碱溶液处理
将单(dan)电(dian)(dian)池浸泡在稀(xi)碱性水中,电(dian)(dian)解(jie)液产生(sheng)的HF反应如下:HF+NaOH→NaF+H20,将电(dian)(dian)池粉碎。该处理(li)方法能有(you)效减少HF的产生(sheng),但不能实现氟化电(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的回收。
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钛(tai)酸(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)胀气行业有三种提法:一是钛(tai)酸(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)材料易吸水(shui)(shui),吸附后的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)容(rong)易变成结(jie)晶水(shui)(shui)。烘烤电池(chi)(chi)极片和电池(chi)(chi)芯时,水(shui)(shui)分不(bu)易去除,导(dao)致结(jie)晶水(shui)(shui)与电解(jie)液反(fan)应(ying)产生气体;二是电解(jie)液对钛(tai)酸(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)电极表(biao)面有较高的(de)(de)还原(yuan)反(fan)应(ying)活性(xing)(xing),且钛(tai)酸(suan)(suan)锂(li)(li)颗(ke)粒表(biao)面可能具有催化活性(xing)(xing)点(dian),催化电解(jie)质溶剂的(de)(de)
我们生活中经(jing)常(chang)使用一次性电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。当你(ni)去超市买遥控器(qi)的(de)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)时,你(ni)注意(yi)到有(you)哪(na)些类(lei)型(xing)(xing)的(de)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)吗?今(jin)天我将告诉你(ni)常(chang)见的(de)锌锰电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。锌电(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)类(lei)型(xing)(xing)——锌锰电(dian)池(chi)(chi)可分(fen)为普通(tong)锌锰电(dian)池(chi)(chi)和碱性锌锰电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。普通(tong)锌锰电(dian)池(chi)(chi):正极为石墨棒(bang)和二氧(yang)化(hua)锰(MnO2),负(fu)极为锌片,电(dian)解(jie)质为氯化(hua)铵(an)
一、锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的优点1、与其它类(lei)(lei)型(xing)的充电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相比,其的能量密(mi)度更高,能储存更多能力;2、工(gong)作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)高,锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)常(chang)见(jian)有3.7V,镍氢电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或镍镉电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)常(chang)见(jian)为1.2V,说明(ming)可使用单节(jie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi);3、锂(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的自放电(dian)(dian)(dian)率低(di)于其他类(lei)(lei)型(xing)的可充电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),说明(ming)其能保持更长(zhang)的工(gong)
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软(ruan)包(bao)锂电池(chi)(chi)是一(yi)种覆盖(gai)有一(yi)层聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)外(wai)壳(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)体(ti)锂离子(zi)电池(chi)(chi)。与其他电池(chi)(chi)大的(de)(de)(de)区别在于(yu)软(ruan)包(bao)装材(cai)料 (铝塑(su)复(fu)合(he)膜),这也是软(ruan)包(bao)锂电池(chi)(chi)中关键和技术上(shang)困难的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料。软(ruan)包(bao)装材(cai)料通常分(fen)为(wei)三层,即外(wai)阻层 (一(yi)般为(wei)尼龙(long)BOPA或PET外(wai)保(bao)护(hu)层) 、阻隔层 (中间层铝箔(bo))
近(jin)工(gong)程(cheng)师(shi)们开发出了一种低(di)温(wen)磷酸铁锂电(dian)池,能够在(zai)低(di)至零下(xia)60摄(she)氏(shi)度的(de)温(wen)度下(xia)保持(chi)正常的(de)温(wen)度性能。目前(qian)(qian)可以投放市场的(de)低(di)温(wen)电(dian)池主(zhu)要有低(di)温(wen)磷酸铁锂电(dian)池和(he)聚合物(wu)低(di)温(wen)锂电(dian)池,这两种低(di)温(wen)电(dian)池技术都比(bi)较成熟。与目前(qian)(qian)在(zai)零下(xia)20摄(she)氏(shi)度停(ting)止工(gong)作的(de)锂离(li)子电(dian)池相比(bi),磷酸铁锂电(dian)