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从电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的发(fa)明到商业应(ying)(ying)用(yong)，锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的发(fa)明与商业使用(yong)要晚(wan)于(yu)干电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，但时(shi)至今日(ri)，锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)应(ying)(ying)用(yong)基本占据了干电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)市场(chang)。锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和干电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)哪个好？

干电(dian)池(chi)是非循环(huan)电(dian)池(chi)，而锂电(dian)池(chi)是循环(huan)可(ke)充(chong)电(dian)电(dian)池(chi)。它可(ke)以(yi)随意(yi)使(shi)用。

干电(dian)池一般(ban)含有(you)(you)汞(gong)、铅等重金属，因为是原电(dian)池，用完会被扔(reng)掉，容易造成(cheng)电(dian)池污染。锂电(dian)池不含有(you)(you)害(hai)金属。

锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)本身具(ju)有(you)快速充电(dian)功能和高循环寿命(ming)，这(zhei)是干电(dian)池(chi)无法达(da)到(dao)的(de)(de)高度(du)。而(er)且在安(an)全性方面，锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)也有(you)保护电(dian)路的(de)(de)措施(shi)。

干(gan)(gan)电池是一(yi)种光伏电池，它使用(yong)某种吸收(shou)剂(ji)使内容(rong)物变成不会(hui)溢出的糊状物。常(chang)用(yong)作手电筒照(zhao)明、收(shou)音机等(deng)的电源。经过多年的发展(zhan)，我国干(gan)(gan)电池技术在其(qi)比能量(liang)、循环寿命、高(gao)低温适应性(xing)等(deng)问题上取得了突破性(xing)进展(zhan)。

干(gan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)由多组圆形板(ban)成对出现(xian)并按一定顺序堆叠(die)而成。内部(bu)可以(yi)是糊状物质或(huo)明胶。这种(zhong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是原电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，也(ye)就是说，电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)后不(bu)能充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)使用。这也(ye)是干(gan)电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的一大区别。

我们经常看到无(wu)线鼠标、闹钟、计(ji)算器、收音机等(deng)5节电池和7节电池都是干(gan)电池，一(yi)旦使用无(wu)电，也宣告寿命终止。

今(jin)天开发的锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)有很多(duo)种。目(mu)前市(shi)场上常用(yong)(yong)的锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包括锂(li)(li)(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、磷酸铁锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、聚合(he)物(wu)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)18650锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。与(yu)干电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比，锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)属(shu)于二(er)次电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，即(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用(yong)(yong)完后(hou)可以继续充电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)收(shou)的电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。回(hui)收(shou)的这(zhei)一(yi)特点(dian)成为(wei)了(le)二(er)次电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)干电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的分水岭(ling)。锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)般分为(wei)锂(li)(li)(li)离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)锂(li)(li)(li)聚合(he)物(wu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。这(zhei)些(xie)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在手机(ji)、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动汽车、小家(jia)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、笔(bi)记本、电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)动剃须(xu)刀等方面有大量应用(yong)(yong)。它比干电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)更广泛。

锂电池的优点:

1) 高能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)，其体(ti)积能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)和质(zhi)量(liang)能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)可分别(bie)达(da)到450W.h/dm3和150W.h/kg，并且(qie)仍(reng)在增加。

2) 平均输出电压高(gao) (约3.6V)，是Ni-Cd和Ni-l电池的3倍。

3) 高输出功率。

4) 自放电小(xiao)，每月小(xiao)于10%，小(xiao)于Ni-Cd和Ni-Ml的一半(ban)。

5) 没(mei)有像镍(nie)镉(ge)和(he)镍(nie)氢电池那样(yang)的记忆(yi)效应(ying)，循环性(xing)能优(you)越。

6) 可以(yi)快(kuai)速充放电，1C充电的容(rong)量可以(yi)达(da)到标称容(rong)量的80% 以(yi)上。

7) 充电效率高(gao)，并且在个循环后(hou)基本100%。

8) 工作温度范围宽，-30 ~ + 45 ℃。随(sui)着电(dian)解质和正极的改善，预计将扩大到-40〜70 ℃，低温可(ke)能扩大到-60 ℃。

9) 不需要修理。

10) 它对环境更 “友好”，被称为绿色电池。

11) 使用(yong)寿命长，100% DOD充放电可(ke)达900次以上; 使用(yong)浅深度 (30% DOD) 充放电时，循环次数已超(chao)过500。