2022-01-21
锂电池专业(ye)术语解释及(ji)英文对照
Author:Harrison
Part 1 Basic
1.锂原(yuan)电池(lithium primary battery)
也称为一(yi)次锂电(dian)池,负(fu)极(ji)为锂,且被设计为不可充电(dian)的(de)电(dian)池。包括单体锂原电(dian)池和
锂原电(dian)池组(zu)。
2.锂(li)蓄电(dian)池(Rechargeable lithium battery)
锂(li)离子电池(chi)和锂(li)金属(shu)蓄电池(chi)统称为(wei)锂(li)蓄电池(chi)(也(ye)称为(wei)可充放锂(li)电池(chi),二次锂(li)电池(chi))。
3.锂离子电池(lithium ion battery)
利用锂离子作为导电(dian)离子,在正(zheng)极和负极之间移动(dong),通过化学(xue)能和电(dian)能相互转化
实现充放电(dian)的电(dian)池。包(bao)括单体锂离(li)子电(dian)池和锂离(li)子电(dian)池组。
4.单体锂离子电池(chi)(lithium ion cell)
锂(li)离(li)子电(dian)(dian)池的基本单元,由电(dian)(dian)极、隔膜(mo)、外壳和电(dian)(dian)极片等在电(dian)(dian)解质环境下构(gou)成。
金(jin)属锂蓄电池(rechargeable lithium metal battery)
电(dian)池(chi)中负极(ji)侧含有金(jin)属(shu)锂(li)的锂(li)蓄电(dian)池(chi)。也称为可充放金(jin)属(shu)锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)
5.液态(tai)锂(li)蓄电池(liquid rechargeable lithium battery)
电池中只(zhi)含有液体(ti)电解质的锂蓄电池。
6.非(fei)水有(you)机溶剂锂(li)蓄电池(nonaqueous rechargeable lithium battery)
电解质(zhi)为有机(ji)溶剂的液态锂蓄(xu)电池(chi)。
7.水系(xi)锂蓄(xu)电(dian)池(chi)(aqueous rechargeable lithium battery)
电解质为水溶(rong)剂的液态(tai)锂(li)蓄电池。
电(dian)解质质量或体(ti)(ti)积占(zhan)单体(ti)(ti)中电(dian)解质总质量或总体(ti)(ti)积之比的一半。
11.半液流锂蓄电池(half-flow rechargeable lithium battery)
电(dian)(dian)池(chi)中任一(yi)侧电(dian)(dian)极(ji)参与电(dian)(dian)化学反应的物质可以流动(dong),另一(yi)侧电(dian)(dian)极(ji)不(bu)可以流动(dong)的锂蓄
电池。
12.液(ye)流锂蓄(xu)电池(chi)(flow rechargeable lithium battery)
电(dian)池中两侧电(dian)极(ji)参与(yu)电(dian)化学反应的(de)物(wu)质都是可以(yi)流动的(de)锂蓄电(dian)池。
13.软包装(zhuang)锂(li)电池(pouch lithium cell)
采用塑(su)封(feng)膜作为外壳的锂电池。阳(yang)极(anode)通常指发生氧化反应的电极。阴极(cathode)通常指发生还原反应的电极。
钝化(passivation)在锂原电池中,由于负极锂表面与电解液反应而形成的一层保护膜的现象。电压滞后(voltage delay)在锂原电池中,由于钝化等原因导致电池工作电压不能立即达到所需的工作状态的现象。
注:在(zai)锂蓄电池中(zhong),充放电过程中(zhong)充电电压曲线和放电电压曲线之间存在(zai)较大差值的现象,英(ying)文(wen)中(zhong)有时称为voltage hysteresis.。激活(activation)使电池中的电化学活性成分具有产生所需电能之功能的后步骤。
Pat2部件、组件、附(fu)件和形状(zhuang)
14.电极(ji)片(plate)
由集流体和(he)活性物质、黏结剂(ji)、导电(dian)剂(ji)等构成的(de)电(dian)池的(de)电(dian)极。注:电(dian)极片的(de)集流体
可以采用(yong)金属箔(bo)、网等(deng)形式
负极片(negative plate)通常指含有在放电时发生还原反应活性物质的具有低电势的电极片。正极片(positive plate)通常指含有在放电时发生氧化反应活性物质的具有高电势的电极片。
15.极耳(tab)
连接电池内部电极片与端(duan)子的(de)金属导体。
16.活性物质(active material)
在电(dian)(dian)池(chi)充放(fang)电(dian)(dian)过程中发生(sheng)电(dian)(dian)化学反应以存储或释放(fang)电(dian)(dian)能的物质。
8.混合固液电(dian)解质锂蓄电(dian)池(mixed solid liquid electrolyte rechargeable lithium battery)
电(dian)池中同时(shi)含有液体和固(gu)体电(dian)解质的(de)锂蓄电(dian)池。
①电池单体(ti)(ti)中固体(ti)(ti)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)质(zhi)量(liang)或(huo)体(ti)(ti)积(ji)占单体(ti)(ti)中电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)总质(zhi)量(liang)或(huo)总体(ti)(ti)积(ji)之比(bi)达到一半(ban),或(huo)者单体(ti)(ti)中一侧电极(ji)含有(you)液体(ti)(ti)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi),另一侧电极(ji)只含有(you)固体(ti)(ti)电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi),这两(liang)种(zhong)均称为半(ban)固态电解(jie)(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)蓄电池,有(you)时(shi)简称为半(ban)固态锂(li)电池:
②单体(ti)中(zhong)固(gu)体(ti)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)质(zhi)(zhi)量或(huo)体(ti)积分数(shu)超过一·半(ban),液体(ti)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)的质(zhi)(zhi)量或(huo)体(ti)积分数(shu)低于一·半(ban)的,有时称为准固(gu)体(ti)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)(zhi)锂(li)蓄电(dian)(dian)池或(huo)准固(gu)态(tai)锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池:
③液体电(dian)(dian)解质的质量或体积分(fen)数低于电(dian)(dian)解质总(zong)质量或总(zong)体积分(fen)数5%的,有(you)些作者称之为固态电(dian)(dian)解质锂(li)蓄电(dian)(dian)池(chi),或者固态锂(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
但实际该电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)单体中含有少量液体电(dian)解(jie)质(zhi),称为固态锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不严谨(jin),更适合称为准(zhun)(zhun)固态电(dian)解(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)蓄电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)或准(zhun)(zhun)固态锂(li)(li)电(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。
以(yi)上中出现的半(ban)固态(tai)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)、准(zhun)固态(tai)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi),固态(tai)电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)都属于混(hun)合(he)固液电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)电(dian)(dian)池(chi),简称为混(hun)合(he)固液电(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)质(zhi)锂(li)(li)(li)电(dian)(dian)池(chi)。英文(wen)也可以(yi)称为Hybrid solidliquidelectrolyte rechargeable lithium battery。全固态锂蓄电池(all solid state rechargeablelithium battery)电池单体中只含有固态电解质,不含有任何液体电解质、液态溶剂、液态添加剂的锂蓄电池。
g.凝胶聚(ju)合物锂(li)蓄电池(gel polymer rechargeable lithium battery)
电(dian)池(chi)(chi)中的液体电(dian)解质与聚合(he)物(wu)高分(fen)子形成凝胶态电(dian)解质的锂蓄电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。
注:目前把塑封(feng)膜封(feng)装的(de)(de)软包装锂(li)离子(zi)电(dian)池也叫做聚合(he)物锂(li)离子(zi)电(dian)池,有时简称(cheng)为聚合(he)物锂(li)电(dian)池。凝胶(jiao)聚合(he)物电(dian)解(jie)质锂(li)蓄电(dian)池是指(zhi)在隔(ge)膜、正(zheng)负极内部电(dian)解(jie)质以凝胶(jiao)聚合(he)物电(dian)解(jie)质的(de)(de)形态出现。两者在组成、性能上有较大(da)差异。
10.半固态锂电池(half-solid state lithium battery)
电(dian)池中任(ren)一侧电(dian)极(ji)不含液体(ti)电(dian)解质,另一侧电(dian)极(ji)含有液态电(dian)解质。或(huo)者单体(ti)中固体(ti)
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锂离(li)子电(dian)池隔(ge)膜(mo)(mo)的基体材料(liao)为聚(ju)烯(xi)烃,具有优异的力学性能(neng)(neng)、化学稳定(ding)性和(he)(he)成本低。隔(ge)膜(mo)(mo)基体材料(liao)主要包(bao)(bao)括聚(ju)丙烯(xi)、聚(ju)乙烯(xi)及添加剂(ji),使用(yong)的基体材料(liao)与(yu)机械性能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)电(dian)解液的润湿(shi)性有直(zhi)接(jie)的关(guan)系(xi)。锂离(li)子电(dian)池隔(ge)膜(mo)(mo)造孔工程技术主要包(bao)(bao)括湿(shi)法和(he)(he)干法两种,干法有单向拉伸(shen)工艺(yi)和(he)(he)双向拉伸(shen)
一、当聚合物软包锂电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)无法(fa)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)时是什(shen)么原(yuan)因(yin)?1)检(jian)(jian)查电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是否为(wei)零电(dian)(dian)(dian)压、高内阻电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi);2)检(jian)(jian)查保护电(dian)(dian)(dian)路的连(lian)接(jie)是否异常(chang);3)检(jian)(jian)查电(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)状态下是否有异常(chang),如(ru)无充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)电(dian)(dian)(dian)压/电(dian)(dian)(dian)流输(shu)出;4)环境温(wen)度是否过高导致(zhi)充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)效率低(佳温(wen)度不应超过40℃)。处理(li)方法(fa):1)