2023-02-22
锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)的使用越来越广泛(fan)。很(hen)多朋友经(jing)常(chang)会问,三元锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)好(hao)(hao)不(bu)好(hao)(hao)?磷酸铁锂(li)电(dian)池(chi)哪个更好(hao)(hao)?
让我们具体比较一下(xia):
三元锂(li)电池全(quan)称(cheng)为“三元材料(liao)锂离子电池(chi)”,一般指(zhi)使用(yong)锰酸镍(nie)(nie)钴锂或(huo)铝(lv)酸镍(nie)(nie)钴(NCA)三元(yuan)正极材料的锂电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。镍盐、钴(gu)盐和锰盐按三种不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的成分比(bi)例(li)进行不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的调整(zheng),因此通常被称(cheng)为“三元(yuan)”,包括多种不(bu)同(tong)(tong)比(bi)例(li)的电(dian)池(chi)(chi)。标称(cheng)电(dian)压为3.6-3.8V,充电截止电压(ya)约为4.2V。
三元(yuan)锂(li)电池的特(te)点是能量密度高(gao)(gao),电压更(geng)高(gao)(gao),因此同等重量电池组的电池容(rong)量更(geng)大,汽车(che)可以跑得(de)更(geng)远更(geng)快。然而,它(ta)的弱点在于点稳定性差。如果(guo)内部短(duan)路或阴极(ji)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)遇到水(shui),则会发生明火。锂(li)三元(yuan)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的化学反(fan)应会更(geng)强烈(lie),它(ta)会释放氧分子。在高(gao)(gao)温的作(zuo)用下,电解液会迅速燃(ran)(ran)烧,产生连锁反(fan)应。简单来(lai)说,三元(yuan)锂(li)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)比磷酸铁锂(li)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)更(geng)容(rong)易点燃(ran)(ran)。
磷(lin)酸(suan)铁(tie)锂电池是使用磷(lin)酸(suan)铁(tie)锂(LiFePO4)作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)极材料和碳作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)负极材料的(de)锂离子电池。单(dan)体(ti)(ti)的(de)额(e)定(ding)电压为(wei)(wei)3.2V,充(chong)电截止电压为3.6V~3.65V。磷酸铁锂(li)晶体中的P-O键(jian)稳定,因此在(zai)(zai)零电压下(xia)储存时不(bu)会发生泄漏(lou)。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)温或过度充(chong)电条(tiao)件下(xia),安全(quan)性(xing)非常高(gao)。它可以快速(su)充(chong)电,放(fang)电功率高(gao),无记忆效应,循环寿(shou)命长。缺点(dian)是低(di)温性(xing)能差、正极材(cai)料(liao)的振动密度低(di)、能量密度低(di),并(bing)且产品产量和一致性(xing)也受到质疑。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)温下(xia),锂三元(yuan)电池的三元(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)会在(zai)(zai)200℃分解(jie)(jie),而磷酸锂电池的分解(jie)(jie)温度为(wei)800℃,具有更好的高温性能和更高的安全性。
三元(yuan)锂(li)电池:高(gao)电压(ya)平(ping)台(标(biao)称电压(ya)3.6V-3.8V)、高能量密度(相同体积(ji)下(xia)三元(yuan)锂(li)蓄电池的容量更(geng)高),使用(yong)三元(yuan)锂(li)的电动汽车(che)往往里(li)程更(geng)长。然(ran)而,高温性能较差(cha),相对安全性较差(cha);
磷酸(suan)铁锂电(dian)池:高(gao)温性(xing)能好,相对安全性(xing)高(gao),循(xun)环寿(shou)命长(三元锂电(dian)池的(de)循(xun)环寿(shou)命为(wei)500-1000次,磷酸铁(tie)锂的循环寿命是2000-3000次)。然而(er),低能量密度和(he)低温(wen)性能;
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